习近平将出席一带一路论坛 主持领导人圆桌峰会

IP ??(??: Internet Protocol address, IP address, ???: ???????)? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? IP? ???? ??? ??. ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. IP ??? ??? IP?? ???? ?? IP? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??. IP ??? 5036?? 5047, ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??. ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????. DNS? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? "??? ?? ??" (domain name resolution) ?? "?? ??" (name resolution)??? ??. ??? ?? ???? ?? IP ??? IP ?? 4(IPv4) ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? IP ?? 6(IPv6) ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ????.??IP ??

528a0915-5f7c-41bf-a260-4bfc48f670c5IPv4?ps://ip.pe.kr ??? ????? 4?? ???, ? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? IPv6? ??????. IETF RFC 791(1981? 9?)? ???? ??. IPv4? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??. ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? TCP??(??? UDP??? ??) ????. IPv4? ????? ? 12???? ? ???? ???. ? ??? 0~255?? 3??? ?? ????. IPv4 ??? 32??? ???? ???, ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??. ?? ?? ???? 128?? ????? ?? IPv6? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? IPv9(??? ??? ????)? ?????(Digital Domain Name System, DDNS)? ??? ??? IP ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? All-Digital-Domain-Address (ADDA)? ????? ??. 2011? 2? 4??? ?? IPv4 ??? ???? IPv4? ??? ?????.??IPv4

IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6)? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 6 ??? ????(version 6 Internet Protocol)? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???. ???(Internet)? IPv4 ????? ???? ??? IPv4 ????? ??? 32???? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????, ?? ?? ????? IPv6 ????? ??????, ?? ??? RFC ? ??? ?????, ??? IPv6 ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??.??IPv6

???(WHOIS)? ??? ??, IP ??, ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ICANN? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????.?????

????(Hostname, ? ????? ????)? ????? ??? ??(???, ?? ??, ???, ??? ?? ?)??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?, ?? ??, ??? ??? ????? ?? ????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ??. ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ????, ?? IP ??? MAC ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ? ??. ????? NIS, DNS, SMB ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??. ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??.??????

?(??: Ping)? IP ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.???

???(Classless Inter-Domain Routing, CIDR)? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? 1993? ???? ???, ??? IP ?? ?? ????. ???? ??? IP ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? IP ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??.293318b9-c9db-4c6e-8a9f-42d128958249 ??? ????? IPv4 ??? ?? ????? ???? ???. ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????.????? (????)

??? ?? ???? ????(private network)? ??? ???? ?????? ?? IP ?? ??? ???? ?????? RFC 1918? RFC 4193 ??? ????. ??? ??? ??, ???, ?? ?? ???.?????

???(Subnetwork) ?? ??? ???(IP Subnet Mask, IP ??? ???), IP ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????.?????

?? ??(Name server)? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ?????, ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???.???? ??

traceroute ?? tracert? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????.IPv6(??? ???? ?? 6)? ?? ??? traceroute6 ? tracert6?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??.??Traceroute

Nmap(network mapper)? ?? ?? ???(Gordon Lyon)? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ???, ???? "??"? ?? ???. ?? ??? ?? ??????, Nmap? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ??. ??? Nmap? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??. ? ?? ???? ?? ??, ?? ??, ?? ??, ???? ??? ????? ??, ? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????. Nmap? ???, ??, ????? ? OS X? ??? BSD, AmigaOS ?? ????. ???? ?? ?? ???? nmap ?????, ??? ? ? ????.??Nmap

??? ???? ????? ??(port)? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ????(TCP)? ??? ????? ????(UDP)? ??. ? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ??. ?? ??? IP ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????.???? (??? ????)

??? ????(IP, Internet Protocol)? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????(?? ??? ????, Packet Switching Network)?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ??(????, Protocol)??, OSI ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ????. ??? ???(IP)??? ??. IP? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????. IP??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ????. IP? ????(unreliability)? ????(connectionlessness)? ????. ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???. ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ? ?? ??, ?? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? TCP ????? ?? IP? ?? ????? ???? ??. ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? 4?? ?? IPv4??. ??? IPv4? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? 6?? ?? IPv6? ???? ??? ???. ??????? ??? 7, OS X, ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? IPv6 ????? ????.????? ????

IPsec(Internet Protocol Security)? ?? ??? ? IP??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????(IP) ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ? ??? ?? ??? ?? IP ??? ???? ??????? ????. IPsec? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????. IPsec? ??? ?? ??(Host? host), ?? ????? ??(????? ????), ?? ?????? ??? ??(????? ???)? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. Internet Protocol security (IPsec)? Internet Protocol ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.??IPsec

ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol, ??? ?? ??? ????)? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???(Requested service is not available ?)? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ?? 1? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? TCP? UDP?? ???.(ping ?? traceroute ?? ?? ?? ???? ??) ??? ???? ?? 4(IPv4) ? ICMP? ICMPv4? ??? ??, ???? IPv6? ICMPv6??.????? ?? ??? ????

????? ?? ??? ????

?? ?? ????(Transmission Control Protocol, TCP, ???: ??????)? ??? ???? ???(IP)? ?? ???? ? ???, IP? ?? TCP/IP?? ????? ?? ???. TCP? ??? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ????, ???? ??? ? ?? ??. TCP? ?? ??? ????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??(IETF)? RFC 793? ???? ??. TCP? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ????. TCP? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? TCP ?? ???? ??? ????? ????(User Datagram Protocol)? ????. ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??.???? ?? ????

??? ????? ????(User Datagram Protocol, UDP)? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????. 1980?? ??? ??? ?????, ?? IETF? RFC 768? ???? ???? ???, TCP? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????. UDP? ???? ????? ????(Universal Datagram Protocol)??? ???? ??. UDP? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?? ??? ????, ?????, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??. UDP? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????. UDP? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? (DNS), IPTV, ?? ??? ???? (VoIP), TFTP, IP ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??.????? ????? ????

?? ??? ?? ????(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DHCP)? ??? IP ?? ??? ????? IP ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? DHCP ??? ???? IP ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? DHCP ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????.???? ??? ?? ????

??? ?? ???(Domain Name System, DNS)? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ???(?? ????? ??? ??? ??)? ??? ?? ??, ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??(IP ??)? ??? ??. ??? ?? ???? ?? "?????"? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? TCP/IP? ????, www.example.com? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? 192.168.1.0? ?? IP ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? 2?? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ??, ?? ??? ??? ????(IP) ?? ????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????. DNS ?? ??? ???? ?? DNS ???? ???? ????. DNS ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????.????? ?? ???

?? ?? ????(File Transfer Protocol, FTP)? TCP/IP ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????. ?? ?? ????? TCP/IP ???? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????. ??? FTP ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ????????, ???? ???, ???, ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??. ? ?? ??? FTP ????? ? ????? ?????? ????, ??, ??? ??, ??????? ???? ???, FTP? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??.???? ?? ????

HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol, ???: ???????, ?????????)? W3 ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ??????. ?? HTML ??? ???? ?? ???. ?? TCP? ???? HTTP/3 ??? UDP? ????, 80? ??? ????. 1996? ?? 1.0, ??? 1999? 1.1? ?? ?????. HTTP? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??/??(request/response) ??????. ?? ??, ?????? ? ????? HTTP? ??? ????? ????(HTML)? ?? ??? ????, ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??. ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???. HTTP? ?? ???? ??? http:? ???? URL(??? ??)? ??? ? ??.??HTTP

??? ??? ?? ????(IMAP, Internet Message Access Protocol)? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ???, ?? ????? TCP/IP ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. IMAP? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? POP3? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??. ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ???, ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??(??, ????, ??? ?? ?)? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??. ???, POP3? ?? IMAP? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??.????? ??? ?? ????

??? ??? ????(Post Office Protocol, POP)? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ???, ?? ????? TCP/IP ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??? POP ????? ?? ???? ????? POP? ???? ?? ?? POP3? ????. ??? ??? ???, G??, ? Yahoo! ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ????. POP3? ??? ????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????, POP? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ???? ????. ?? IMAP? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ? ? ???? ?? ??? ????.????? ??? ????

????? ??? ????

??(TELNET)? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????. RFC15? ???? 1969?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? IETF STD 8? ??????.telnet??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ? ???, ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ??. TCP/IP ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??(?? NT ??)? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????, ?? ??? ?? SSH? ????? ???.????

The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is the regional Internet registry for Canada, the United States, and many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands. ARIN manages the distribution of Internet number resources, including IPv4 and IPv6 address space and AS numbers. ARIN opened for business on December 22, 1997 after incorporating on April 18, 1997. ARIN is a nonprofit corporation with headquarters in Chantilly, Virginia, United States.ARIN is one of five regional Internet registries in the world. Like the other regional Internet registries, ARIN: Provides services related to the technical coordination and management of Internet number resources Facilitates policy development by its members and stakeholders Participates in the international Internet community Is a nonprofit, community-based organization Is governed by an executive board elected by its membership Services ARIN provides services related to the technical coordination and management of Internet number resources. The nature of these services is described in ARIN's mission statement: ...??American Registry for Internet Numbers

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??American Registry for Internet Numbers

AFRINIC (African Network Information Centre) is the regional Internet registry (RIR) for Africa. Its headquarters are in Ebene, Mauritius. Before AFRINIC was formed, IP addresses (IPv6 and IPv4) for Africa were distributed by the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), and the RIPE NCC. ICANN provisionally recognised AFRINIC on 11 October 2004. The registry became operational on 22 February 2005. ICANN gave it final recognition in April 2005. Organisational Structure Board of Directors The AFRINIC Board consists of a nine-member Board of Directors. Six of the directors are elected to represent the different sub-regions, while two directors are elected to serve on the Board-based solely on competency as opposed to regional representation. The last seat on the Board is filled by the Chief Executive Officer. Elections are held at each AFRNIC Annual General Meeting (AGMM), which is conducted around May/June every year. Voting takes place both on site at these meetings and prior to the meeting via...??AFRINIC